Pemanfaatan Limbah Organik Rumah Tangga sebagai Sumber Energi Biogas Skala Komunitas Perkotaan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69503/ije.v6i1.1625Keywords:
Biogas, Limbah Organik Rumah Tangga, Skala Komunitas, Anaerobic Digestion, Energi TerbarukanAbstract
Pertumbuhan wilayah perkotaan meningkatkan volume limbah organik rumah tangga yang belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal dan masih didominasi sistem pembuangan akhir. Kondisi ini menimbulkan dampak lingkungan berupa peningkatan emisi gas rumah kaca serta beban pengelolaan sampah. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis potensi pemanfaatan limbah organik rumah tangga sebagai sumber energi biogas pada skala komunitas perkotaan serta merumuskan model sistem terintegrasi antara aspek teknis, sosial, dan teknologi digital. Metode menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif berbasis studi literatur sistematis dari 40 publikasi ilmiah periode 2011–2025. Analisis dilakukan melalui komparasi deskriptif, kajian teknis anaerobic digestion, evaluasi sistem komunitas, serta analisis keberlanjutan lingkungan, ekonomi, dan sosial. Hasil menunjukkan limbah organik rumah tangga memiliki potensi tinggi menghasilkan biogas dengan kandungan metana signifikan pada suhu optimal 25–35°C. Sistem skala komunitas lebih efisien dibandingkan sistem individu karena stabilitas suplai bahan baku dan kapasitas produksi energi lebih tinggi. Integrasi Internet of Things meningkatkan efisiensi operasional melalui pemantauan parameter secara real time. Sistem ini menurunkan emisi gas rumah kaca, mengurangi beban tempat pembuangan akhir, dan menghasilkan pupuk organik bernilai ekonomi. Studi ini menegaskan biogas komunitas sebagai solusi strategis energi bersih perkotaan.
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