Analisis Performa Material Komposit Ramah Lingkungan Berbasis Serat Alam Sebagai Alternatif Struktur Ringan Berkelanjutan

Authors

  • Abdul Manan Program Studi Kesehatan Lingkungan, Universitas Dian Nuswantoro, Semarang, Indonesia
  • Muzaki Akbar Program Studi Kesehatan Lingkungan, Universitas Dian Nuswantoro, Semarang, Indonesia
  • Zaini Ansori Program Studi Kesehatan Lingkungan, Universitas Dian Nuswantoro, Semarang, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.69503/ije.v5i2.1620

Keywords:

Komposit Serat Alam, Struktur Ringan, Material Berkelanjutan, Performa Mekanik, Analisis Lingkungan

Abstract

Abstrak: Penelitian ini menganalisis performa material komposit berbasis serat alam sebagai alternatif struktur ringan yang berkelanjutan. Kebutuhan akan material dengan rasio kekuatan terhadap berat yang tinggi serta tuntutan pengurangan dampak lingkungan menjadi dasar utama kajian ini. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kuantitatif melalui eksperimen, simulasi numerik, dan analisis keberlanjutan. Material yang diuji meliputi serat jute, hemp, coir, dan serat daun nanas yang dikombinasikan dengan matriks polimer sintetis dan bio. Pengujian mencakup sifat mekanik, fisik, dan termal. Simulasi dilakukan menggunakan metode Finite Element Method, sedangkan analisis lingkungan menggunakan Life Cycle Assessment. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa komposit serat alam memiliki kekuatan tarik dan lentur yang kompetitif, terutama pada orientasi serat searah dan setelah perlakuan kimia untuk meningkatkan adhesi antarmuka. Material ini juga memiliki densitas rendah yang mendukung efisiensi energi. Namun, kelemahan masih ditemukan pada tingkat penyerapan air dan stabilitas termal. Hasil simulasi konsisten dengan data eksperimen dalam memprediksi distribusi tegangan dan pola kegagalan. Dari sisi lingkungan, komposit ini berpotensi menurunkan emisi karbon. Secara keseluruhan, komposit serat alam memiliki potensi besar sebagai material struktur ringan berkelanjutan, dengan kebutuhan optimasi lanjutan.

Abstract: This study analyzes the performance of natural fiber–based composite materials as a sustainable alternative for lightweight structures. The need for materials with a high strength-to-weight ratio, along with the demand to reduce environmental impact, forms the main basis of this research. A quantitative approach is employed through experiments, numerical simulations, and sustainability analysis. The materials tested include jute, hemp, coir, and pineapple leaf fibers combined with both synthetic and bio-based polymer matrices. The tests cover mechanical, physical, and thermal properties. Simulations are conducted using the Finite Element Method, while environmental analysis is performed using Life Cycle Assessment. The results show that natural fiber composites exhibit competitive tensile and flexural strength, particularly with unidirectional fiber orientation and after chemical treatment to enhance interfacial adhesion. These materials also have low density, which supports energy efficiency. However, limitations remain in terms of water absorption and thermal stability. Simulation results are consistent with experimental data in predicting stress distribution and failure patterns. From an environmental perspective, these composites have the potential to reduce carbon emissions. Overall, natural fiber composites show strong potential as sustainable lightweight structural materials, although further optimization is required.

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Published

2025-03-29

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How to Cite

Analisis Performa Material Komposit Ramah Lingkungan Berbasis Serat Alam Sebagai Alternatif Struktur Ringan Berkelanjutan. (2025). Indonesian Journal of Engineering (IJE), 5(2), 110-125. https://doi.org/10.69503/ije.v5i2.1620